conversation怎么記?。╟onversation怎樣記）

大家好！今天讓創(chuàng)意嶺的小編來大家介紹下關(guān)于conversation怎么記住的問題，以下是小編對(duì)此問題的歸納整理，讓我們一起來看看吧。

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本文目錄:

• 1、初次見面的英語會(huì)話

• 2、怎樣快速記音標(biāo)？

• 3、“初級(jí)日語會(huì)話”是學(xué)什么？要求學(xué)生掌握什么？

• 4、閱讀時(shí)記錄筆記的三種最有效的方法

一、初次見面的英語會(huì)話

對(duì)于第一次見面的人，一般都會(huì)先了解對(duì)方的名字再進(jìn)行會(huì)話。下面是我給大家整理的初次見面的英語會(huì)話，供大家參閱!

初次見面英語對(duì)話

1.1. “How are you doing today, miss?”

“小姐，今天過得怎么樣?”

A genuine hello accompanied by a heartwarming, three second smile is one of the most basic, highly effective ice breakers there is.

一句真誠的問候搭配上一個(gè)溫暖的三秒鐘微笑是最基本也最有用的開場白。

Think about the people who say “good morning” or “howdy” to their neighbors. This simple greeting is usually followed up with “how are you” or “how are the kids?” Before long, the two parties are talking about their families and even favorite sports teams.

想想那些對(duì)鄰居說“早上好”或者“你好”的人。這種簡單的問候通常會(huì)得到“你好嗎”或者“孩子們好嗎”作為回應(yīng)。很快，雙方就開始談?wù)撍麄兊募彝ド踔磷钕矚g的球隊(duì)了。

2. “Nice earrings!”

“你的耳環(huán)真漂亮!”

This comment represents a classic technique that is quite effective for starting a conversation. Regardless of whom you are talking to, saying something genuinely nice about their outfit, accessories or even mood will usually be received well.

這句評(píng)價(jià)代表了開場白中十分有用的一種經(jīng)典技巧。不論你在和誰聊天，真誠地贊美一下他們的著裝、配飾、甚至是心情，對(duì)方通常會(huì)很樂意接受。

The person receiving the compliment will thank you and possibly say something nice about you in return. In doing this, a dialogue begins. Keep the dialogue going by asking a question like “Where did you buy the earrings? I really like them.”

接受你贊美的人會(huì)向你表示感謝，可能還會(huì)對(duì)你說一些贊美的話作為回報(bào)。這樣一來，一場對(duì)話就開始了。想要繼續(xù)對(duì)話，可以問這樣的問題，比如“你的耳環(huán)在哪里買的?我非常喜歡。”

3. “Does this shop always have such long queues?”

“這家商店門口總是要排這么長的隊(duì)嗎?”

By focusing on an unpleasant situation that you both find yourselves in and subtly complaining about it, you cleverly suck the other person into an unwitting pact that unites both of you against a common enemy.

關(guān)注某個(gè)你們共同身處的不愉快的場景并且不經(jīng)意地抱怨，你就巧妙地把對(duì)方和自己拉到了一條陣線上，對(duì)抗一個(gè)共同的敵人。

4. “Chicago really is the windy city!”

“芝加哥確實(shí)是風(fēng)之城啊!”

Yes. Talk about the weather. It may sound clichéd, but it works wonders in real life. People talk about the weather all the time—It’s a topic everyone has an opinion on. Think of how you have an opinion about what dress or fashion choice is right for different weather.

沒錯(cuò)，談?wù)撎鞖?。聽上去也許有點(diǎn)老套，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中確實(shí)管用。人們總是在談?wù)撎鞖?mdash;—這是一個(gè)人人都可以發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)的話題。你可以想想對(duì)于不同天氣該如何穿衣搭配的觀點(diǎn)。

Once the person responds, you can ease into the conversation with “small talk” like, “The wind is so strong; it nearly blew me over!”

一旦對(duì)方做出回應(yīng)，你就可以很容易把談話繼續(xù)下去，比如“風(fēng)太大了，就快把我吹跑了!”

5. “Oh, did you hear about…”

“你聽沒聽說……”

Kick-start a conversation with a description of an interesting, entertaining and/or funny story.

描述一個(gè)有趣的、娛樂性的或者搞笑的 故事 作為開場白。

If your story is interesting enough, there really is no telling where it could take the ensuing dialogue and for how long you could stretch the conversation once your new friend gets on board.

如果你的故事足夠有趣，就沒必要擔(dān)心你們的對(duì)話該如何繼續(xù)或者繼續(xù)多久了，只要你的新朋友被你的故事吸引就行。

6. “What kind of drink is that?

“你喝的是什么?”

People love eating and drinking.

人們喜歡吃吃喝喝。

When she replies, follow up with something like “Do you really like it?” or ” Can I buy you another?” Introduce yourself and don’t forget to flash your best charming smile.

如果她回答你了，可以繼續(xù)問“你真的喜歡嗎?”或者“我能再請(qǐng)你喝一杯嗎?” 自我介紹 一下，別忘了展現(xiàn)你最迷人的微笑。

7. “That’s a lovely name; are you named after someone?”

“這個(gè)名字真好聽， 是以某個(gè)人命名的嗎?”

This works especially well in a workplace setting, business meeting or conference where people are wearing name tags. If she has an interesting name, walk up to her and say something like “Camille, lovely name. What’s the origin of the name?”

這句開場白尤其適用于工作場所、商務(wù)會(huì)議之類人們帶著姓名胸牌的場合。如果她的名字很有意思，走上去對(duì)她說“卡米爾，可愛的名字，它的來歷是什么呢?”

8. “Hello, do you work here?”

“你好，你在這里工作嗎?”

This also works well at a workplace or business setting where people are wearing name tags. Even if you know the answer, ask whether he works there anyway.

這句同樣適用于人們佩戴姓名胸牌的工作場所或商務(wù)場合。即使你知道答案，也要問問他是否在這里工作。

Follow up with related questions like “What do you do here?” “Have you been working here a long time?” “Do you like it here?” “What’s your favorite/worst part of your job?

接下來可以問一些相關(guān)的問題，比如“你在這里做什么工作?”“你在這里工作很久了嗎?”“你喜歡這里嗎?”“你最喜歡/最不喜歡這份工作哪一點(diǎn)?”

9. “People call me David, but you can call me TONIGHT.”

“人們叫我大衛(wèi)，不過你今晚可以給我打電話。”

Okay, telling a joke is easier said than done. Jokes can be tricky, but they’re some of the best conversations starters you can throw at someone new. They help the other person see a witty, fun and likeable side of your personality.

確實(shí)，講笑話說起來容易做起來難。講笑話并不容易，但是和某人初次見面時(shí)，笑話是最好的開場白。它可以讓對(duì)方看到你性格當(dāng)中幽默、有趣、可愛的一面。

That said, unless you’re really confident about your joke-telling skills, it’s probably a good idea to avoid them or start with a self-deprecating joke. You can’t possibly offend yourself, can you?

雖然如此，除非你對(duì)自己講笑話的技巧非常自信，否則最好還是不要講，尤其是自我貶低型的笑話。你不太能冒犯自己吧，對(duì)嗎?

10. “Excuse me, I just thought I should come over and talk to you.”

“打擾一下，我覺得我應(yīng)該過來跟你聊聊。”

Sometimes the best and most fun ice breaker is honesty.

有時(shí)候最好也最有趣的開場白就是大實(shí)話。

Honesty really can be the best policy. Who doesn’t love a refreshing bout of honesty, anyway?

誠實(shí)確實(shí)是最佳法則。無論如何，誰不喜歡讓人振奮的誠實(shí)出擊呢?

2.跟外國人初次見面，該怎么樣作開場白呢?怎么樣回答對(duì)方的問候呢?怎么樣能夠順利地繼續(xù)話題呢?記住下面這些社交小技巧，幫你順利和老外溝通~

初次見面的外國人跟你說了句"How do you do", 估計(jì)多數(shù)人都會(huì)美滋滋地搬出學(xué)校教的那套，回敬一句"How do you do"?？捎⒚廊耸繀s覺得你的回答有點(diǎn)買帽子當(dāng)鞋穿--不對(duì)頭。因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)覺得對(duì)話似乎沒有得到回應(yīng)，好像你并不高興見到他一樣。所以，當(dāng)別人說"How do you do"的時(shí)候，你最好改答"Nice to meet you"或者"It's a pleasure to meet you"。

怎么樣，是不是覺得上面的小技巧還有點(diǎn)用處?那么，你知道怎么掌控好一個(gè)初次見面的開場白嗎?還有誰先開口，說什么，怎樣繼續(xù)話題?要不要握手呢?別著急，我現(xiàn)在就告訴大家一些社交小技巧。它們可以讓你在不同的場合游刃有余，溝通無極限。

初次見面的英語對(duì)話

1.Welcome to China! Welcome to our city!

歡迎到中國來!歡迎到我們的城市來!

2.I hope you’re enjoying your stay here.

希望你在這里過得愉快。

3.How long have you been in China?

你在中國多長時(shí)間了?

4.Is this your first trip to China?

這是你第一次來中國嗎?

5.Are you here on business or for pleasure?

你來這里是出差還是游玩?

6.There are many interesting places here. I’d like to show you around.

這兒有很多有趣的地方，我愿意帶你去看一看。

7.Please let me know if you need any help.

如果需要幫助，請(qǐng)告訴我。

8.What’s your impression of China so far?

你對(duì)中國有印象如何?

9.Are you used to the life here? Does the weather agree with you?

你習(xí)慣這里的生活嗎?你適應(yīng)這里的氣候嗎?

10.How do you like Chinese food? Are you used to the food here? Does the food here agree with you?

你覺得中國菜如何?你習(xí)慣這里的食物嗎?這里的食物合你口味嗎?

初次見面英語小對(duì)話

JAKE: Hi! My name is Jake. We haven't met before, have we??

DEBBIE: No, we haven't! My name is Debbie.?

JAKE: Nice to meet you, Debbie!?

DEBBIE: Nice to meet you, too, Jake.?

JAKE: Are you a new student??

DEBBIE: Yes, I am. What about you??

JAKE: Yeah, me too!?

JAKE: What're you studying here??

DEBBIE: Journalism. I want to be a journalist. What about you??

JAKE: I'm doing law. But I'm thinking of doing business studies instead.?

DEBBIE: Do they allow you to change??

二、怎樣快速記音標(biāo)？

音標(biāo)：英語的注音符號(hào)，即英語的拼音。 （1）元音（20）：發(fā)音時(shí)氣流不受口腔任何部位的阻礙。聲帶振動(dòng)。英語中重要的音。（2）輔音（28） ：發(fā)音時(shí)氣流受口腔某個(gè)部位的阻礙。聲帶振動(dòng)的叫濁輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)的叫清輔音。英語中次要的音。

Aa —[eI] P73

Babe lake sake bake make fake shake rake take stake (樁)landscape escape grape tape cape gape rape (油菜) shape scrape (擦掉) jape(說笑話) Trace grace Late fate mate（classmate playmate teamate roommate ）gate date plate hate skate state fade jade lade (裝船)made shade (陰涼處) spade trade came tame shame same dame game lame fame name cane plane lane mane ( 馬鬃 )crane wane（月虧） Ale （艾爾酒）dale（谷） gale pale stale （不新鮮的） Able table fable cable stable cave save wave Dave gave pave rave （胡言亂語）

Ay---[eI]— Day bay may lay play pay say way ray slay (殺死）clay(粘土) flay (剝皮)relay always

Eight weigh weight sleigh （雪橇）

rain gain lain (lie 的過去分詞) faint pain saint (圣人）paint Cain main vain（徒勞） slain（slay 的過去分詞） fail nail tail mail pail rail jail bail (保釋金) hail (高呼、冰雹) wail sail snail stain (玷污) strain raid (突然襲擊) maid （少女）afraid paid

No pains ,no gains .

Haste makes waste.

Pp—[p][i:]

Cc—[s][i: ]

Dd—[d] [i: ] Tt---[t ][i: ]

Vv —[v][ i :] [f][v] “唇齒相依” P23

Bb—-[b][i: ]

He she we me be these Pete

ee---[ i: ] Bee see meet feet heel peel feel reel (卷軸) keen spleen (脾) speech feed

deed indeed gee keen queen screen agree Need feed breed greed speed seed succeed proceed exceed heed cheek geek（雜耍演員）leek sleek (光滑的)meek (溫順的)peek （偷看） reek (臭氣)creek(小河) Greek week keep sleep weep beep sheep jeep between

ea---[ i: ]Sea beat meat eat seat feat heat neat cheap cheat (質(zhì)量低劣的東西都cheat)seal steal defeat peat (泥炭) repeat treat wheat overeat pea clean lean leaf mean bean breach preach beach reach teach mead （蜂蜜酒）bead （念珠）sneak (偷偷摸摸地行動(dòng)) sneakers (運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋) cream

Thief piece niece relieve

Please keep these streets clean

Please keep these keys .

A friend in need is a friend indeed .

A---[ ] -“寂寞嫦娥舒廣袖，萬里長空卻為忠魂舞”

-a--- cat bat fat sat hat pat mat(草席) rat mad dad had lad (少年) sad man ban can fan pan ran tan(曬黑) dam am jam（果醬） Sam ham ram slam map lap nap cap clap slap sap snap gap tap rap(敲門聲) sack back pack backpack lack black rack wack （怪人）slack (懶散) hand sand band grand land panda wand（棍棒） and Battle cattle rattle (發(fā)出卡塔卡塔的聲音)

The black cat ran after a rat .

Ff —[e][f ]

L—[e] [l ] ① 元音或單詞末尾讀[l ]: all call ball fall hall tall small wall mall (超級(jí)大的購物中心); fell sell shell bell well cell smell tell spell yell hell (閻王爺對(duì)你說一聲hello ,你恐怕就該下地獄了。)

②元音前面讀 [l 。]: like late lake

Mm ---[e] [m ] ①元音或單詞末尾讀[m ]: name same game came fame shame

② 元音或單詞末尾讀[m 。]: make mate mine

Nn ---[e] [n ]

① 元音或單詞末尾讀[n ]: pen hen lesson fine

② 元音或單詞末尾讀[n 。]: no nine not

n ---[ ] –sing king thing sting bring wing swing boring sink pink mink link ink think monk monkey donkey thank tank bank sank rank flank （肋腹、兩側(cè)）blank rank prank （惡作劇）

Ss —[e] [s]

Glass class pass grass Last past cast ask

6532—2232 Face ace lace race pace place grace

[e]---bed led fed led get bet set wet pet best pest (害蟲) chest jest (笑話) lest (難免)nest rest test vest wrest (摔跤)west zest desk beg peg (曬衣服夾子) leg

pen Ben ten hen men kettle settle

Bend tend （照料）pending（懸而未決的） mend vent (發(fā)泄) tent send lend intend

Head dead lead read bread deaf death sweat breath breakfast spread dread tread instead leapt feather

leather weather heather (石楠屬植物)health wealth threat thread (線)

East or west ,home is the best .

Let him mend the desk.

He she we me be these Pete

Ii — [aI] Hi ! P74

Bike like hike pike（長矛） rite（宗教儀式） site spite (vent pessonal spite) bite kite cite （引用）excite recite unite quite side slide glide (滑動(dòng)) hide wide tide ride decide describe mine nine wine fine shine spine (脊骨) dine line pine vine (葡萄樹) Nice mice lice dice rice price slice vice（副的） ice advice Tribe jibe (嘲笑) describe inscribe （刻寫）life wife knife rife strife （沖突） Time dime lime（石灰） mime(摹擬笑劇) rime (韻腳) crime five dive live (有電)hive (蜂房) arrive rive （撕開）mile tile wipe

Might fight night light slight bright right sigh high

Bind wind kind find behind mind Child mild wild blind remind grind rind (樹皮)

Magpie die lie tie vie （爭）

Silent night / white lie

If the price is right ,I will buy your rice .

[g] –good girl gig P16

Jj — [d3][eI]

Kk—[k][ei]

去掉共同音[eI] ，就是字母在單詞中的發(fā)音。

Gg—[d3][i:]

Age wage gage (抵押品)page rage sage cage stage huge homage (效忠) engage damage dge—bridge fridge ridge dodge lodge(租房給某人) hodge (莊稼漢) knowledge

Jane jade job jet jacket

Hh —-[eI][ts]

China cheat chicken chair teach lunch each beach peach reach much

Match catch batch latch （門閂）watch scratch patch (補(bǔ)丁)hatch (孵蛋)

[ts] [d3] (p90) 清輔音：送氣增強(qiáng) 聲帶不振動(dòng) ；濁輔音：送氣減弱 聲帶振動(dòng) 。

Tt—[t][i:]

爆破音：[t ] [d] [k] [g] [p] [b]

1) 失去爆破（不完全爆破） ：發(fā)音時(shí)，爆破音彼此相遇時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音只擺好姿勢(shì)（留出發(fā)這個(gè)音的正常時(shí)間）不發(fā)音，緊接著發(fā)下一個(gè)音。

Goodbye sit down blackboard

實(shí)際上爆破音和后面的輔音相遇都有失去爆破現(xiàn)象。如：Good morning . This is a good lesson .

2) 清輔音濁化（送氣減弱） ：如果[t ] [ [k] [p] 落在清音[s]的后面，

[t ] → [d] → student study still stand stone stood star stop

[k] → [g] → school skate ski sky skin scarf skim

[p] → [b] → spoon sport spin spy speed spot spring spell

有“氣”無“聲”的音叫“清音”，有聲的音叫“濁音”。

印度英語：[t ]--- [d] [p]------ [b] pen –ben

i----[ I ] bit sit wit pit hit fit lit

Bin sin win pin hint

Give her a pill if she is ill .

She filled my dish with fish .

Oo ---[ ] P89

No so hello

O --- coke poke joke nose pose dose close rose prose cosy （暖和舒適的）home dome （圓屋頂 蒼穹） Hole whole pole tadpole (蝌蚪) role mole (鼴鼠，痣) vole (田鼠) lone bone cone （錐形物）clone (克隆)throne(寶座) phone postpone stone hope slope （斜坡）cope scope telescope rope envelope old sold fold gold told mold bold hold only photo phone sofa

Oa ---coat boat bloat (腫脹) goat goad (刺棒) toad (癩蛤蟆) moat (壕溝) float gloat (幸災(zāi)樂禍)soap coal goal foam coach coax poach（侵入他人地界偷捕.poach for dogs and chickens （偷雞摸狗）boast coast roast toast

ow--- bowl yellow bellow (牛風(fēng))吼叫 fellow mellow (圓潤的歌喉) snow show low row bow sow （播種）mow (割草) crow （烏鴉）slow glow blow kowtow borrow sorrow sparrow arrow barrow (手推車) harrow (耙子)marrow (骨髓)narrow window widow pillow willow follow hollow

[D ] -o---box ox fox pox nod God Cod（鱈魚） plod（沉重緩慢走） mod （現(xiàn)代派的一

份子）dog fog frog log clog （堵塞） hog (豬科動(dòng)物) lost cost rock mock （嘲笑：學(xué)某人的走路）lock block (街道：The bank is two block away .過兩條馬路就是銀行。)flock (一群)clock rob snob Bob mop top hop cop stop shop pop job Bob lob mob (暴民） blot (污漬，如墨水) not lot slot pot dot shot hot spot clot(血凝塊) boss toss loss cross across moss (苔蘚) cross P45

Tom’s got a lot of dots on his pocket.

Uu--- (開音節(jié)) use fuse fume （難聞的煙氣） perfume cute cube （立方體） nude tube mute muse （沉思冥想） huge tune dune (沙丘)duke （公爵） duma (杜馬) unit mule (騾子) refuse refute amuse accuse(告發(fā)) excuse abuse confuse acute contribute (貢獻(xiàn))

Ew –few hew knew mew new pew dew stew

Ue ---argue rescue value

Ww ---[d] [∧ ] [b] [l][j]][u:] P34

u—-[ ∧ ] bun run fun sun gun pun shun bus us sum hut cut nut shut mum bug dug rug hug drug （藥物）dub (配音) drub (跺腳) drum stub（樹樁）stud (種馬) hxub （沖頭） rub scrub （用力擦洗）cherub （小天使）

u— [ ∧] luck duck suck buck truck luck yuck butter mutter

o— [ ∧] love glove shove (猛推)（mother brother other bother smother come some money son color month

Qq--- [k] [j][u: ]

Yes yen yellow yet yo-yo yell

[u:] —oo- --moon noon soon spoon choose tool too school

ue—blue glue slue(大量) flue （煙道、漁網(wǎng)）true clue rue （懊悔）

ui—juice suit cruise recruit (征募新兵) crew grew drew screw flew blew

ou ---[u:]—you soup group coupon

[ u ] ------ Foot look book hook took cook

Ou ------ [u] could would should

Rr – [a : ] P34

Ar—art car far tar park shark bark spark cart fart dart（飛鏢） scarf snarl (混亂) article Large charge discharge barge （駁船、大型游船） Fast last mast past cast task flask （燒瓶） ask glass class father after

Al---[ a:] ---half calf (牛犢) palm calm

The car was parked in the dark .

Half the class laugh.

Xx—[ e ] [ k ] [ s ]

含有共同音[e ] 的字母：f , x , m, n, s 去掉共同音 [e ] 就是字母在單詞中的發(fā)音。

Yy—w] [ai] (外“屋”老吳家的“吳”老二一“無”所有，是個(gè)窩囊廢。)

英語中半元音有兩個(gè)：[w] [j]

w---[w] water watch wake well

wh—[w] what why when where which white wile

y--[j] –yes yawn yuck yum your year Yale

Zz---[z][i: ] [s ][z]

含有共同音[ i ：] 的字母：b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 去掉共同音[ i ：] 就是字母b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 在單詞中的發(fā)音。

英語字母在單詞中的讀音是有規(guī)律可循的：

1． 單個(gè)輔音字母的讀音 一般是把字母名稱中的元音去掉。有以下四種形式：

（1） 去掉名稱音中的共同音[i:] ，如 b [b] c [s] d [d] g[d3] p [p] t [t] v [v] 等；

（2） 去掉名稱音前的共同音[e], 如 f [f ] l [l ] m[m ] n[n] s[ s] x [ks] 等 ；

（3） 去掉名稱音后的共同音[ei], 如 j [d3] k [k] ;

（4） 寫法相同，讀音不同，按和輔音字母同形的的音標(biāo)讀音， 如h [h] r [r] w[w] z[z] 等。

（5） 字母與音標(biāo)同形的有：

b [b] d[d] h[ h] k[k] l [l ] m [m ] n [ n] p [p] r[ r ] t [t ] w [w ] z [z]

[ ] [ ] P67

[ ] -thank three thing thick thin through mouth south

[ ] -this that the those these mother father rather brother feather leather heather breather （呼吸者）

[ ] [3 ]

[ ] -sh-- she shy shit sheep sheet shame shut shun short wash cash lash (鞭打)crash slash （砍）rash dash hash (切細(xì))dish bush push hush brush action conversation

[3 ] -s -treasure pleasure usual vision television decision P77

[tr] [dr]

[tr] -tr --- tree try truck trick track true trip P90

[dr] -dr ---drink drive draw dry drop

[ts ][dz ] [ts ]---ts ---cats coats let’s hats bats P89

[dz ]---ds ---beds heads birds needs feeds

[t ] [d ] [k] [g ] [p] [b ] [f ] [v ][s ] [z ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ts] [d3] [tr] [dr] [ts ][dz ]

英語中的輔音成雙成對(duì)的輔音有10對(duì)， 發(fā)清輔音的時(shí)候，送氣增強(qiáng)，聲帶不振動(dòng)；發(fā)濁輔音的時(shí)候，送氣減弱，聲帶振動(dòng)。

[ ）: ] -o-short port sport fort fork lord afford

-al-call fall gall (膽囊) hall ball mall wall all small walk talk chalk stalk （balk

-aw -paw saw law haw draw claw (動(dòng)物的爪) pawn prawn （對(duì)蝦 lobster 龍蝦 shrimp 小蝦）dawn lawn hawk （鷹）awful 極壞的

- au-august haunt (鬼出沒) daunt (嚇人) flaunt (炫耀)audio (聽覺的) auction (拍賣) augur (預(yù)言家) auto （汽車）

- ough ---fought bought sought daughter

- our --- four your pour mourn course court

-ore - store core more sore shore fore pore（毛孔） core tore bore more lore (知識(shí)) wore

- oar （搖櫓）roar （怒吼）soar（盤旋） boar（公豬） board hoard （囤積）hoarse （沙?。? Don’t walk on the lawn .

[3; ] [ ]

[3; ] - ir- bird fir skirt shirt firm dirt dirty girl birthday first

ur-purse nurse burn turn hurt church fur surf curl Suburb perturb( 煩擾) disturb (打攪)

ear-earn earnest learn pearl heard earth dearth search research yearn （渴望）

er-her herself herd (牧群) term serve fern ( 蕨菜) nervous mermaid （美人魚）

or-word world work worm worth worst worse

First come first served.

Her purse is made of fur .

His brother sent a letter to his father .

The doctor said his mother was better .

* 英語中長短元音有四對(duì), 長元音的口型小，短元音的口型大。

[I ] [ i : ]

[u ] [u : ]

[ ] [3: ]

[D ] [ ]

[eI][aI][ ] [au] [ ][ ] [e ]

ow --[au]-cow bow now how owl (貓頭鷹)down town gown（睡衣） crown brown brow towel vowel tower cower (打哆嗦) flower shower P89

ou-- [au] ---bounce noun mouth mouse out about house louse rouse grouse (抱怨)out pout spout about shout couch pouch crouch grouch (發(fā)脾氣) bound found hound sound pound mount wound round around

oy-[ I ] --boy doy(傻) soy（醬油、大豆） toy coy（女孩害羞） joy Roy loyal royal annoy oyster employ enjoy P75

oi ---[oi]---oil coil foil soil toil spoil hoist join coin voice choice void point noisy toilet point

eer --[ I ]---cheer sheer deer sneer（嘲笑）steer (操縱) peer （凝視）beer jeer(嘲笑) seer（預(yù)言家） leer （斜睨：表示敵意、會(huì)意、嘲弄）queer peer （凝視）veer （轉(zhuǎn)向） P99

ear-[I ]-- beard fear dear hear gear(齒輪、排擋) near rear year tear spear shear

air-[ e ]---air fair hair lair pair chair Blair stair airport P105

are -- [ ]--- bare care dare hare mare 母馬）pare （削蘋果）rare tare （救荒野豌豆） fare share spare stare scare flare nightmare blare (喇叭)嘟嘟地大聲響 warfare welfare

The bears were there .

The mayor asked you to take care .

our --[u ]---tour dour gourmet gourd detour bourse ure -sure

oor-poor moor boor（沼澤）P99

三元音：[air] fire hire tire wire mire expire lion shire (郡) admire spire (塔尖) 尖頂 sire 陛下 desire retire acquire require inquire

Having been fired he is in the mire

[aur ] sour our power tower cower flower shower

[eir]

[Dir]

[our]

qu-[qw] -quick quiet quite quit quiz quench queer quilt quill quote *

l 音標(biāo)和字母同型 但發(fā)音不同：

r -[r] red read roof h-[h] he hello hi have w-[w]

讀音標(biāo)教材。

容易念混淆的音：

fill feel ship sheep pit pet sit set man men send sand let late bed bade mean main read raid

音標(biāo)總結(jié)：

1. 輔音

2. 元音： (20個(gè)）

前元音：(4個(gè))

中元音：(3個(gè))

后元音：[a:] [u:] [u][D] [ : ]

雙元音：1）開合型 ：（5個(gè)）

2）集“中”型 ：（3個(gè)）

開音節(jié) ：絕對(duì)開音節(jié)和相對(duì)開音節(jié)中的元音讀成字母音。相對(duì)開音節(jié)單詞的特點(diǎn)是“元音+輔音+e（不發(fā)音） ” , 其中的元音讀成字母音，如: cake name game lame tame same take page plate skate make tape staple 。

閉音節(jié) ：閉音節(jié)單詞末尾以輔音字母結(jié)尾，元音的發(fā)音都讀成音標(biāo)音。

fun gun bus nut cut cat bit sit cop bet pen

英語和漢語不同，英語是表音文字，它的特點(diǎn)是字面怎么，單詞怎么拼寫就怎么發(fā)音，發(fā)音具有規(guī)則性，掌握音標(biāo)和讀音規(guī)則就可以自然拼讀單詞。

開音節(jié)的口訣：

a--a---[eI] 、e---e—[ i: ] 、i---i—[aI] 、o—o---[ou] 、u—u—[ju:]

閉音節(jié)的口訣：

a--a---[ ] 、e---e—[ e ] 、i---i—[I] 、o—o---[ D] 、u—u—[∧]

Fad (狂熱) –fade wag(搖擺)—wage lad—lade(裝船) fat –fate gat（狹窄通道）—gate bat —bate（減少）cap—cape rat—rate hat—hate Pal—pale plan—plane tap—tape gal（女孩）—gale（大風(fēng)） gag(塞口物)—gage gap—gape dam—dame Sam—same mad—made cam(凹輪)—came can—cane pan—pane （框格玻璃） at—ate mat—mate stag(雄性動(dòng)物)—stage rap—rape

Gen(情報(bào))—gene pet—Pete met—mete(給予) set –scene these

Bit—bite lit—lite sit—site fin—fine pin—pine din—dine win—wine spin—spine (脊骨) kit—kite quit—quite spit—spite pip(果籽)pipe Tim—time dim—dime hid—hide rip(撕)—ripe

Cop—cope dot—dote (昏聵) not—note rod—rode

Us—use cub(幼獸)—cube cut—cute hug—huge fuss—fuse tub(浴盆)—tube

英語的“減音”,即失去爆破（不完全爆破） ：

爆破音彼此相遇時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音只擺好姿勢(shì)，留出發(fā)這個(gè)音的正常時(shí)間不發(fā)音。

Goodbye sit down blackboard

英語的連讀：在流暢的英語口語中，單詞與單詞之間會(huì)發(fā)生連讀。兩個(gè)單詞間首尾音素之間的發(fā)音自然地拼讀在一起，中間不停頓。連讀是語流的自然結(jié)果。

英語的連讀是區(qū)別漢語的重要特征。漢語的字詞之間“字正腔圓”，相對(duì)獨(dú)立。

1）[t][j]----[ts]: hit you last year what you say

2) [d][j]---[d3] I need you . Did you go to school ?

Would you like a cup of tea?

英語的“增音”：

1) 英音中，在以字母r結(jié)尾的單詞，r不發(fā)音，但與后詞的詞首元音發(fā)生連讀時(shí)發(fā)音，讀/r/，如far away。

2) 美音中，無論是連讀還是不連讀，字母通常都會(huì)發(fā)音，外加音/r/。

3) 如果前詞以/ / / / / /，后詞以元音//開始，為了發(fā)音的方便，英國英語中或美國英語中會(huì)在兩個(gè)元音之間加上微弱的/r/來連接，如：

idea of it讀為/ai’dierevit/.

Earache (耳朵痛)

The area of the room

There is a book on the desk .

There are some books on the desk .

Where are you ?

I can’t bear it .

A pair of shoes

I will take care of it

新目標(biāo)詞匯： about amount away afford accord guild build built guilt

通過熟悉的單詞聯(lián)想記憶新的單詞

Have -haven （避難所） brown -frown brother-bother /smother action -auction

listen -glisten (閃光)

dearth(缺乏) earth (地球上缺乏資源) 2) dear 昂貴的，物以稀為貴，所以缺乏。

Paste（面團(tuán)）Pasta 通心粉 由面團(tuán)（paste ）構(gòu)成的。

Scar /scare /scarf

Scar ：被小汽車（car）撞了一下，所以留下了傷疤(scar) 。

scare ：留下了的傷疤(scar )怪嚇人的，就變成了scare 。

scarf ：因?yàn)橛辛藄car ,所以就每天戴著圍巾（scarf）來上班。

Number (數(shù)字) 人一喝酒就變得麻木了（numb） ，連數(shù)字(number)都記不清了。

Afraid ： 敵人來空襲（air raid ） ， 老百姓的第一反應(yīng)是afraid 。

Broth ：古時(shí)候晉文王重耳落難，介之推將自己大腿上的肉割下來做成肉湯給他充饑，二人的關(guān)系真是情同手足（brother）。

money honey champion scopion famous glamous

hobby lobby

hotel motel France dance chance

Magic (有奇異魔力的) tragic （悲慘的）

三、“初級(jí)日語會(huì)話”是學(xué)什么？要求學(xué)生掌握什么？

（一）《初級(jí)水平的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)》

初級(jí)日語會(huì)話教育的目標(biāo)是掌握聽說的基礎(chǔ)技能。具體說，首先記住發(fā)音和語調(diào)，掌握基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和短語。然后能理解基本句型和語法。最終達(dá)到可以自如使用的目的。

（二）《聽說階段的學(xué)習(xí)》

1.有關(guān)聽力階段的學(xué)習(xí)分兩部分：一是與之相關(guān)的音、拍、語音、語調(diào)的要素。二是與之相關(guān)的語法。在經(jīng)歷語音的認(rèn)知、音調(diào)、音拍的學(xué)習(xí)之后，從音節(jié)—詞—句的順序進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)上，理解語法知識(shí)。

2.有關(guān)說的學(xué)習(xí)，分前后兩個(gè)階段：前半段從和音相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)開始，逐漸過渡到詞匯、句型，使用句型而進(jìn)行的問答練習(xí)。在這里可以對(duì)應(yīng)聽的兩個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段。在聽力階段練習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上：①利用視聽教材而進(jìn)行場面，狀態(tài)的說明；②敘述事物的梗概；③指導(dǎo)短??；④寒暄語；⑤日常慣用表達(dá)；⑥簡單的提問方法；⑦依賴請(qǐng)求的方法，拒絕的方法；⑧簡單的電話應(yīng)對(duì)；⑨接待客人的方法等。實(shí)際學(xué)習(xí)中可能多為兩三句程度的句子。但為了真正起到實(shí)用效果，應(yīng)該讓日語初級(jí)者好好掌握。由此，可以找到以上材料里沒有記述的三個(gè)層面。把以上的目標(biāo)和學(xué)習(xí)階段總結(jié)為以下兩點(diǎn)：（1）初級(jí)會(huì)話教育目標(biāo)是扎實(shí)地打好聽說基礎(chǔ)能力，具體說有以下三個(gè)層面：①包含音調(diào)、音拍在內(nèi)的音的認(rèn)知，發(fā)音的正確掌握以及在任何場合都能無誤的聽懂的階段。②增加詞匯，理解語法，運(yùn)用句型的階段。③在學(xué)習(xí)場所、生活場所能夠簡單應(yīng)用。（2）作為語言學(xué)教育，日語聽說能力的習(xí)得，各個(gè)語言要素的教育不可缺少，而掌握語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的時(shí)候，正確性是最重要的，可是按照前面的三層次的順序一一講授，容易枯燥。所以怎樣能把實(shí)用場面的應(yīng)用對(duì)話切實(shí)地使之掌握，需要花工夫來深入研究。

四、閱讀時(shí)記錄筆記的三種最有效的方法

Before you get started: Filter the book by reading the preface, index, table of contents, and inside jacket. This tells you where the author is going to take you and, importantly, the vocabulary they will use.

在你開始閱讀前，通過閱讀書的前言，索引，目錄以及腰封，篩選書籍。這種方法能讓你知道作者的寫作目的，更重要的是，作者將使用的語言。

There are three steps to effectively taking notes while reading:

閱讀時(shí)高效地記筆記，有以下三步：

1.At the end of each chapter write a few bullet points that summarize what you’ve read and make it personal if you can — that is, apply it to something in your life. Also note any unanswered questions. When you’re done the book, put it down for a week.

每讀完一章，用自己的語言寫下章節(jié)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，來總結(jié)你讀過的內(nèi)容。這些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)也是要應(yīng)用到生活中的。當(dāng)你讀完一本書，把它放上一周。

2.Pick up the book again and go through all your notes. Most of these will be garbage but there will be lots you want to remember. Write the good stuff on the inside cover of the book along with a page number.

把書再拾起來，瀏覽你的筆記。大多數(shù)筆記都是垃圾，但也有你想記住的內(nèi)容。將好的材料寫到書封面的內(nèi)面，并寫下頁碼。

3.Copy out the excerpts by hand or take a picture of them to pop into Evernote. Tag accordingly.

手抄一些摘錄，拍照上傳到Evernote，并根據(jù)內(nèi)容貼上相應(yīng)的標(biāo)簽。

Dear Shane,

Can you tell me how you take notes while reading?

您能告訴我如何在閱讀時(shí)做筆記嗎？

— Jeff

I’ve been asked this question a lot. Everyone wants to know how to read a book. Well, one of the best ways to better filter and connect ideas is to read with pen in hand so you can take notes while reading. This Marginalia — the tiny fragments that come into your head while reading — is a dying but important art that helps you remember what you read.

我經(jīng)常被問到這個(gè)問題，每個(gè)人都想知道如何閱讀一本書。在那么多好方法中，其中有一個(gè)更好的過濾以及聯(lián)想觀點(diǎn)的方法是閱讀的時(shí)候手里拿著一支筆，以便于你記筆記。這種標(biāo)注就是你在閱讀時(shí)，大腦產(chǎn)生的想法。這種標(biāo)注是一種趨于消失但很重要的藝術(shù)，可以幫助你記憶。

Like almost everything in life there is no magical answer that fits everyone. I can speak to the three-step process that works effectively for me on up to 150 books a year. However, you’re going to have to see if that works for you. While this sounds like a bit of trial and error (because it is), it’s the only way to create lasting habit changes, improve your recall, and be able to easily find that passage you’re looking for.

就像生活中的大多數(shù)事物一樣，沒有一個(gè)適合所有人的神奇答案。我只能說這種三步走的讀書方法對(duì)我來說很有效，讓我一年可以讀150本書。然后，你只有實(shí)踐了才知道適不適合你。雖然這聽起來有點(diǎn)像試錯(cuò)（它就是），但它是唯一能讓你創(chuàng)造持續(xù)的閱讀習(xí)慣、改善你回憶、輕松發(fā)現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容的方法。

Taking Notes While Reading

閱讀時(shí)記筆記

Step One.

The first thing I do when I pick up a book is read the preface, the table of contents, and the inside jacket. Often, I’ll glance over the index too. This doesn’t take long and often saves me time, as a lot of books do not make it past this filter. Maybe it doesn’t contain the information I’m trying to gain. If it seems crappy, I’ll flip to a few random pages to verify.

我拿起一本書做的第一件事是，閱讀書的前言、目錄、腰封。我也會(huì)看看索引。 這不需要花多少時(shí)間，還為我節(jié)約時(shí)間呢，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)書過不了這樣的篩選。它沒有我需要的信息。如果經(jīng)過這樣的篩選后，書的內(nèi)容很差，我隨機(jī)看上幾頁來確認(rèn)。

This filter is a form of systematic skimming. This isn’t my term, Mortimer Adler, a guy who literally wrote the the book on reading, came up with it. Adler says there are four levels of reading. I tend to blend inspectional reading and analytical reading together for most books.

這樣的篩選是一種系統(tǒng)的篩選。這不是我發(fā)明的，是Mortimer Adler的，它寫了關(guān)于閱讀的書，在書里提出了這個(gè)方法。Adler說有四種層面的閱讀。對(duì)于大多數(shù)書來說，我把檢索性閱讀和分析性閱讀混合在一起了。

When I start reading the book, I have an idea what it’s about, the main argument, and some of the terminology involved. I know where the author is going to take me and the broad strokes of how they will bring me along.

當(dāng)我開始閱讀一本書的時(shí)候，由于有了篩選，對(duì)于作者的觀點(diǎn)，一些術(shù)語以及書的主要內(nèi)容，我有了初步的了解。我知道作者寫作目的以及大概的了解他如何達(dá)到他的目的。

While reading, I take notes. I circle words I need to look up. I star points that I think are critical to the argument. I underline anything that strikes me as interesting. I comment like a mad man in the margins. I try to tease out assumptions, etc.

我一邊讀一邊記筆記。 圈出需要查的詞。用星號(hào)標(biāo)出我認(rèn)為對(duì)于論證很關(guān)鍵的地方。在勾起我興趣的內(nèi)容下面劃線標(biāo)記。像瘋子一樣在頁邊寫下評(píng)論。我努力理順作者的假設(shè)。

Essentially, I’m trying to engage in a conversation with the author. Maybe my questions will be answered on the next page or in the next chapter. Maybe I’ll need to find another book to answer them. Who knows. But I write them down.

重要的是，我嘗試參與到與作者的對(duì)話中。或許我的問題在下一頁或者下一章就能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的答案?；蛟S我再另一本書里才能找到答案。誰知道呢。但我會(huì)把他們寫下來。

At the end of each chapter I write a few bullet points that summarize what I’ve just read. When I’m done, I let the book age. I put the book on my desk and I won’t touch it for anywhere from a few days to a week.

在每章的最后，我會(huì)列個(gè)清單，用來總結(jié)我讀過的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)我結(jié)束的時(shí)候，就暫時(shí)把書放一邊了。一周內(nèi)我是不會(huì)再碰它的。

Step two.

When I pick the book up again, I re-read every scribble, underline, and comment I’ve made (assuming I can still read my writing).

當(dāng)我再捧起書的時(shí)候，我會(huì)重新讀一讀我的手抄、劃線的內(nèi)容以及注釋（如果我還能認(rèn)出我的筆記的話。

I’m not the same person I was the first time I read the book, two things have changed: (1) I’ve read the entire book and (2) I’ve had a chance to sleep on what may have seemed earth-shattering at the time but now just seems meh.

同第一次讀書時(shí)的我比，我已經(jīng)不一樣了。兩件事變了：1.我已經(jīng)讀完了甄本書。2.經(jīng)過消化后，當(dāng)時(shí)很令我震驚的內(nèi)容現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不足為奇了。

If something still strikes my interest, I write a note in the first few pages of the book, in my own words, on the topic. Often this is a summary but increasingly it’s ways to apply the knowledge. I index this to the page number in the book.

如果仍然有東西勾起我的興趣。我會(huì)在書的前面幾頁，用自己的話寫一寫筆記。這樣雖然是總結(jié)但是是在應(yīng)用知識(shí)。我把這些總結(jié)和書里對(duì)應(yīng)的頁碼聯(lián)系起來。

Sometimes, and this depends on the book, I’ll create a sort of mental summary of the book’s main arguments and gaps. Sometimes I’ll cross-link points with other books.

但有些時(shí)候，這也視書而定，有時(shí)我會(huì)創(chuàng)造將書里的主要觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)記在腦子里。有時(shí)我也將它們和其他書聯(lián)系在一起。

Step 3 (optional).

Wait a few days. Then go through the book and copy out excerpts by hand and put them into your repository or common place book. I use these notes to connect and synthesize ideas as I read.

等幾天。然后翻閱這本書，用手復(fù)制摘錄，并把它們放在你的存儲(chǔ)庫或公共地方的書中。當(dāng)我閱讀的時(shí)候，我用這些筆記來連接和合成想法。

To aid recall connect the ideas to something you already have in your mind. Is it a continuation of the idea? Does it replace an idea? Is it the same idea in a difference discipline? I add these connections to my notes and percolate them in my mind. Often I turn out to be mistaken but that’s the process.

為了幫助回憶，把這些想法和你已經(jīng)在腦子里的東西聯(lián)系起來。這是這個(gè)想法的延續(xù)嗎？它是否取代了一個(gè)想法？在不同的學(xué)科中，這是同一個(gè)想法嗎？我將這些聯(lián)系添加到我的筆記中，并將它們滲透到我的腦海中。我經(jīng)常會(huì)弄錯(cuò)，但這是一個(gè)過程。

Most of the time, you get to see the ideas on Farnam Street. You can see how I connect and contextualize ideas, linking them across disciplines. I find writing about the ideas really helps me develop my understanding.

大多數(shù)時(shí)候，你可以在Farnam Street看到這些想法。你可以看到我是如何聯(lián)系和關(guān)聯(lián)思想的，并將它們跨學(xué)科聯(lián)系起來。我發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于這些想法的寫作確實(shí)幫助我發(fā)展了我的理解。

Even if you don’t share your thoughts with millions of people you can do the same thing with Evernote, which is searchable, easy to use, and free. Personally, I do not use technology as a substitute for the non-technological approach mentioned above but rather as a complement.

即使你不和數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人分享你的想法，你也可以做同樣的事情。埃弗諾特，它是可搜索的，易于使用，而且是免費(fèi)的。就我個(gè)人而言，我不使用技術(shù)代替上述非技術(shù)方法，而是作為補(bǔ)充。

I rarely listen to books but if you are listening to a book, create a new note for that book and type in notes as you are listening. I know a few people that do not take notes as they are listening because they listen in the car on the way to work. They find that sitting down right away when they get to work and typing up notes is an effective way to improve recall although the notes are less accurate.

我很少聽書，但是如果你在聽一本書，為那本書創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的筆記，在你聽的時(shí)候輸入筆記。我認(rèn)識(shí)一些人，他們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候不記筆記，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谏习嗟穆飞显谲嚴(yán)锫牎Ｋ麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們開始工作的時(shí)候，坐下來打字記筆記是提高記憶力的有效方法，盡管這些筆記不太準(zhǔn)確。

原文： https://fs.blog/2013/11/taking-notes-while-reading/

以上就是關(guān)于conversation怎么記住相關(guān)問題的回答。希望能幫到你，如有更多相關(guān)問題，您也可以聯(lián)系我們的客服進(jìn)行咨詢，客服也會(huì)為您講解更多精彩的知識(shí)和內(nèi)容。

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